NAD+

NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, oxidised form) is a coenzyme essential to cellular metabolism. It is a substrate for multiple enzyme families — most prominently the sirtuins (SIRT1-7), the PARPs (poly-ADP-ribose polymerases) and the CD38 ectoenzyme — and participates in hundreds of metabolic reactions as an electron carrier in cellular respiration and glycolysis.

Cellular NAD⁺ pools decline with age in published studies, an observation driving substantial research into NAD⁺ restoration strategies (precursor supplementation, NNMT inhibition with 5-Amino-1MQ, direct NAD⁺ administration).

CAS 53-84-9, molecular formula C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂, molecular weight 663.43 g/mol. Wikidata QID Q12499775, PubChem CID 5892, ChEMBL ID CHEMBL1234613.

NAD⁺ functions as a cellular electron acceptor (becoming reduced to NADH), and is consumed enzymatically by sirtuins (which use NAD⁺ to remove acetyl groups from histones and other proteins), PARPs (which use NAD⁺ to construct poly-ADP-ribose chains during DNA repair) and CD38 (which produces calcium-mobilising metabolites). Cellular NAD⁺ availability therefore directly affects gene expression (via sirtuins), DNA repair (via PARPs) and calcium signalling (via CD38).

NAD⁺ and its precursors are subjects of intense ageing- biology research. Investigated in models of metabolic disease, neurodegenerative disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, and sarcopenia. Researchers commonly compare direct NAD⁺ administration with precursor supplementation (NMN, nicotinamide riboside) and with NNMT inhibition (5-Amino-1MQ) in head-to-head NAD⁺-restoration studies.

Supplied as a research-grade reference standard for laboratory use only. Not a licensed medicinal product in the United Kingdom and not approved by the MHRA for human or veterinary administration. Sale is restricted to researchers, institutions and laboratory professionals; the compound must be retained within research premises. End-user compliance with the Human Medicines Regulations 2012, the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (where applicable) and local institutional biosafety policy is the responsibility of the buyer.